Mental health care for children and adolescents has become as crucial as physical health care, with a rising number of diagnoses of mental disorders among young people. According to a report by UNICEF, at least one in seven children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 globally struggles with a diagnosed mental disorder. In addition, approximately 46 adolescents die by suicide each year, making it one of the top five leading causes of death in this age group.
Common Disorders and Warning Signs
The most common mental health issues affecting children and adolescents include depression, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance abuse, and conduct disorders. Psychologist and psychoanalyst Jefferson Silva Krug, who also teaches psychology at PUCRS, emphasizes that behaviors like tantrums or inattention in children should be taken seriously, as they can be indicators of underlying emotional struggles.
“Parents often spend years without understanding the connection between their child’s behavior and emotional state. This lack of communication can lead to poor decision-making and worsen relational issues,” Krug explains.
Signs to Look Out For
It’s essential for parents and caregivers to watch for signs of mental health issues in children and adolescents. In younger children, these signs may include mood swings, concentration difficulties, unexplained weight changes, or thoughts of self-harm. In teenagers, signs may also include substance abuse or social withdrawal. These behaviors can indicate mental health challenges that need professional attention.
Krug highlights that the increasing number of mental health diagnoses should not be a cause for alarm, but rather a prompt for better understanding and support for affected children and adolescents. “Providing accurate information about mental health, without stereotyping, is key to helping children and adolescents recognize their emotions and seek help,” he says.
What Can Be Done?
Parents and guardians can take several steps to help manage and prevent mental health issues. Creating an open environment for dialogue, engaging in enjoyable activities together, maintaining a structured routine, and promoting a healthy lifestyle (such as good nutrition, adequate sleep, and regular exercise) can all contribute to better mental health. Additionally, regular check-ups with a doctor and teaching children how to manage their emotions are important.
Krug also stresses the importance of psychotherapy. He suggests that parents should not only support their children emotionally but also consider therapy sessions, which can help children understand their feelings and improve their emotional development.
The Role of Schools and Support Systems
Schools also play a vital role in mental health promotion. Encouraging an environment of openness, active listening, and support can help students feel more comfortable discussing their struggles. Teachers and school counselors can work together with parents to ensure students have access to the mental health care they need.
The Need for Listening and Understanding
Ultimately, Krug points out that the most crucial aspect of supporting children and adolescents is listening to them. “Every child is different, and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. Parents need to learn to listen, help their children articulate their feelings, and understand their emotional experiences,” he advises.
By listening and offering emotional support, both at home and in professional settings like psychotherapy, parents and guardians can play an essential role in fostering a child’s mental well-being.
Related Topics
