As the United States endures yet another blistering summer, concerns are rising not only about the physical dangers of extreme heat but also its significant impact on mental health. Dr. Asim Shah, the executive vice chair of the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, highlights the mental toll that soaring temperatures can take, particularly on vulnerable populations.
The Mental Health Toll of Excessive Heat
While high temperatures can make anyone feel irritable, the effects can be especially severe for those with preexisting mental health conditions. “Excessive heat can trigger feelings of anger, irritability, aggression, discomfort, stress, and fatigue,” said Dr. Shah. These symptoms are largely due to the heat’s impact on serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates sleep, mood, and behavior.
Individuals with mental health conditions, as well as those who abuse alcohol or drugs, are among the most susceptible. “All mental illnesses tend to worsen with heat because it leads to increased fatigue, irritability, and anxiety, potentially exacerbating depressive episodes,” Dr. Shah explained.
Warning Signs and Recommendations
The early signs of heat-induced mental health issues often include irritability, decreased motivation, aggressive behavior, and mental fogging. In more severe cases, individuals may experience confusion and disorientation.
Avoiding the heat entirely might not be feasible, but Dr. Shah offers practical advice for managing its effects. He recommends staying hydrated, wearing head coverings when outdoors, and seeking shade whenever possible. If necessary, pouring water on your head can help cool you down. For those who typically exercise outdoors, consider moving activities indoors, such as walking in an air-conditioned mall.
For individuals on mental health medications, such as lithium for bipolar disorder, Dr. Shah advises consulting a healthcare provider, as some medications do not pair well with heat. “Lithium is processed through the kidneys, and sweating can affect the levels of the medication in your body,” he said. “In such cases, dosage adjustments or avoiding heat exposure may be necessary.”
Environmental and Long-Term Concerns
The mental health effects of extreme heat extend beyond immediate discomfort. Droughts and significant temperature shifts can degrade air quality, increasing pollutants and allergens that exacerbate conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Dr. Shah cited studies showing that exposure to natural disasters can increase the risk of depression by over 30%, anxiety by 70%, and both conditions by more than 87%.
Children at Higher Risk
Children are particularly vulnerable to the mental health impacts of extreme heat due to their physical and cognitive immaturity. “They are exposed to more pollutants and allergens as they spend more time outdoors,” Dr. Shah noted, emphasizing the need for extra precautions for this group.
Seek Help if Needed
If you or someone you know is struggling with the mental health effects of extreme heat, it’s important to seek medical advice. Consult your doctor or a mental health specialist to address these concerns effectively.
Extreme heat is not just a physical hazard but a mental one as well. By understanding the risks and taking proactive measures, individuals can better protect themselves during these scorching summer months.