Researchers at the University of Bonn have achieved a significant breakthrough in dermatological treatment by isolating a DNA molecule, known as an aptamer, capable of combating allergic contact dermatitis in mice. Published in the journal Molecular Therapies – Nucleic Acids, the study reveals that these aptamers effectively bind to immune system messenger substances, such as CCL22, thereby neutralizing their effects even when applied as an ointment.
Aptamers, single-stranded DNA molecules, exhibit specificity in binding to target molecules based on their sequence, making them promising candidates for therapeutic applications. Professor Günter Mayer from the LIMES Institute explains, “Using vast libraries of aptamers, we identified those that bind to CCL22, a chemokine crucial in allergic reactions.” This breakthrough offers new avenues for treating conditions like allergic contact dermatitis, where CCL22 triggers immune responses leading to skin inflammation.
In experiments led by Professor Irmgard Förster, administering the CCL22-targeting aptamers to mice resulted in a notable reduction of allergic skin reactions. “The aptamer effectively blocked CCL22, preventing T cells from responding to the allergen,” Förster elaborates. Remarkably, this therapeutic effect was observed when applied topically, highlighting the potential of aptamer-based creams as future treatments.
While these findings hold promise, the researchers emphasize the need for further studies to confirm applicability in human subjects. “Our results are encouraging, but clinical trials are essential to determine efficacy and safety in humans,” Förster acknowledges. The study’s collaborative effort involved institutions such as the Institute of Innate Immunity at University Hospital Bonn and received support from the German Research Foundation (DFG), underscoring its interdisciplinary approach and potential translational impact.
Looking ahead, the researchers are optimistic about extending aptamer-based therapies to other skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis and potentially even melanoma. “The therapeutic landscape for dermatological treatments could be revolutionized by aptamer creams targeting specific proteins,” Förster concludes, reflecting on the study’s implications for future medical advancements.